使用Selenium自动化反爬美团
更新时间：2022-03-21 09:24:10 作者：多测师 浏览：161
美团的反爬机制是非常完善的，在用selenium登陆淘宝的时候发现美团能检测到并弹出滑块，然后无论怎么滑动都通过不了，在经过一番搜索后发现很多网站对selenium都有检测机制，如检测是否存在特有标识 。接下来我们简单分享下使用代理访问美团进行数据采集。
示例如下：
# -*- coding:UTF-8 -*-
import time
import re
from datetime import date, timedelta
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
TB_LOGIN_URL = 'https://meituan.com'
CHROME_DRIVER = '/usr/local/bin/chromedriver' # Windows和Mac的配置路径不一样
class SessionException(Exception):
"""
会话异常类
"""
def __init__(self, message):
super().__init__(self)
self.message = message
def __str__(self):
return self.message
class Crawler:
def __init__(self):
self.browser = None
def start(self, username, password):
print("初始化浏览器")
self.__init_browser()
print("切换至密码输入框")
self.__switch_to_password_mode()
time.sleep(0.5)
print("输入用户名")
self.__write_username(username)
time.sleep(2.5)
print("输入密码")
self.__write_password(password)
time.sleep(3.5)
print("程序模拟解锁")
if self.__lock_exist():
self.__unlock()
print("开始发起登录请求")
self.__submit()
time.sleep(4.5)
# 登录成功，直接请求页面
print("登录成功，跳转至目标页面")
self.__navigate_to_target_page()
time.sleep(6.5)
print("解析页面文本")
crawler_list = self.__parse_page_content();
# 连接数据库并保存数据
print("保存数据到mysql数据库")
self.__save_list_to_db(crawler_list)
def __switch_to_password_mode(self):
"""
切换到密码模式
:return:
"""
if self.browser.find_element_by_id('J_QRCodeLogin').is_displayed():
self.browser.find_element_by_id('J_Quick2Static').click()
def __write_username(self, username):
"""
输入账号
:param username:
:return:
"""
username_input_element = self.browser.find_element_by_id('TPL_username_1')
username_input_element.clear()
username_input_element.send_keys(username)
def __write_password(self, password):
"""
输入密码
:param password:
:return:
"""
password_input_element = self.browser.find_element_by_id("TPL_password_1")
password_input_element.clear()
password_input_element.send_keys(password)
def __lock_exist(self):
"""
判断是否存在滑动验证
:return:
"""
return self.__is_element_exist('#nc_1_wrapper') and self.browser.find_element_by_id(
'nc_1_wrapper').is_displayed()
def __unlock(self):
"""
执行滑动解锁
:return:
"""
bar_element = self.browser.find_element_by_id('nc_1_n1z')
ActionChains(self.browser).drag_and_drop_by_offset(bar_element, 800, 0).perform()
time.sleep(1.5)
self.browser.get_screenshot_as_file('error.png')
if self.__is_element_exist('.errloading > span'):
error_message_element = self.browser.find_element_by_css_selector('.errloading > span')
error_message = error_message_element.text
self.browser.execute_script('noCaptcha.reset(1)')
raise SessionException('滑动验证失败, message = ' + error_message)
def __submit(self):
"""
提交登录
:return:
"""
self.browser.find_element_by_id('J_SubmitStatic').click()
time.sleep(0.5)
if self.__is_element_exist("#J_Message"):
error_message_element = self.browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#J_Message > p')
error_message = error_message_element.text
raise SessionException('登录出错, message = ' + error_message)
#跳转至目标页面
def __navigate_to_target_page(self):
pass
# 解析网页数据
def __parse_page_content(self):
pass
#保存数据
def __save_list_to_db(self, crawler_list):
pass
def __init_browser(self):
"""
初始化selenium浏览器
:return:
"""
options = Options()
# options.add_argument("--headless")
prefs = {"profile.managed_default_content_settings.images": 1}
options.add_experimental_option("prefs", prefs)
options.add_argument('--proxy-server=http://127.0.0.1:9000')
options.add_argument('disable-infobars')
options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
self.browser = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=CHROME_DRIVER, options=options)
self.browser.implicitly_wait(3)
self.browser.maximize_window()
self.browser.get(TB_LOGIN_URL)
#执行命令行
Crawler().start('username'), 'password'))
以上内容为大家介绍了使用Selenium自动化反爬美团，本文由多测师亲自撰写，希望对大家有所帮助。了解更多自动化测试相关知识：https://www.aichudan.com/xwzx/
